学点 C 语言(24): 数据类型 - 结构(struct)

1. 结构就是多个变量的集合:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    int x;
    int y;
};

struct Rec r1;

r1.x = 111;
r1.y = 222;

printf("%d, %d", r1.x, r1.y);

getchar();
return 0;

}

2. 定义时同时声明变量:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    int x,y;
} r1,r2;

r1.x = 111;
r1.y = 222;

r2.x = 333;
r2.y = 444;

printf("%d, %d\n", r1.x, r1.y);
printf("%d, %d\n", r2.x, r2.y);

getchar();
return 0;

}

3. 定义时同时声明变量并赋值:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    int x,y;
} r1 = {777,888};

printf("%d, %d\n", r1.x, r1.y);

getchar();
return 0;

}

include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    char  name[12];
    short age;
} r1 = {"ZhangSan", 12};

printf("%s, %u", r1.name, r1.age);

getchar();
return 0;

}

4. 声明变量是赋初值:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    char  name[12];
    short age;
};

struct Rec r1 = {"ZhangSan", 12};

printf("%s, %u", r1.name, r1.age);

getchar();
return 0;

}

5. 声明后给字符串赋值有点麻烦:

   include <stdio.h>

   include <string.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    char  name[12];
    short age;
};

struct Rec r1;

strcpy(r1.name, "ZhangSan");
r1.age  = 18;

printf("%s, %u", r1.name, r1.age);

getchar();
return 0;

}

6. 如果在定义时直接声明变量, 可省略结构名:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct {
    char  name[12];
    short age;
} r1 = {"ZhangSan", 12};

printf("%s, %u", r1.name, r1.age);

getchar();
return 0;

}

7. 通过 scanf 赋值:

   include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

struct Rec {
    char  name[12];
    short age;
} r1;

printf("name: ");
scanf("%s", r1.name);

printf("age: ");
scanf("%d", &r1.age);

printf("Name: %s; Age: %d", r1.name, r1.age);

getchar(); getchar();
return 0;

}

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